Surgical Robots And The Field Of Surgery - 1632 Words

Surgical Robots in the Field of Surgery Shenin Siddiqui Monmouth University Surgical Robots in the Field of Surgery Technology is advancing each and everyday. In the medical field and especially in the field of surgery, the most popular topic is robotic surgery. Robotic surgery is a novel and an exhilarating advancement in the medical field. Currently, surgical robots mainly have a promotional role rather than a practical role. However, robots are being used in many small surgeries and the extent of robots in the medical world is still evolving (Lanfranco, Castellanos, Desai, Meyers, 2004). To genuinely understand this futuristic technology, the advantages, the disadvantages, the current and the†¦show more content†¦Throughout an operation, the robots make instrument handling more natural. Furthermore, with the help of surgical robots, doctors can avoid unnecessary movements to change tools and to look at the monitor (Lanfranco, Castellanos, Desai, Meyers, 2004). This is beneficial because this allows the surgeon to solely focus on the surge ry and to get the job done more quickly and efficiently. Moreover, the three dimensional sight from the robot is much more clear compared to the usual laparoscopic camera. All these advantages of robotic surgery tremendously help surgeons with identifying and dissecting body parts (Lanfranco, Castellanos, Desai, Meyers, 2004). Therefore, this advanced technology can make surgeries more effective and less difficult. Although surgical robots are beneficial, there are a few disadvantages to this innovative technology. To begin, robots in surgery are fairly new and their effectiveness is not fully recognized (Lanfranco, Castellanos, Desai, Meyers, 2004). Thus, surgical robots are not altogether reliable. Also, the expense of surgical robots is a major disadvantage because surgical robots can cost millions of dollars. There is a possibility that the price of the robots may drop in the future with more developments in technology and with more practice with robots. On the other hand, many believe that the price of the robots will

Effect of Light in The Stranger and One Day in the Life...

The light in the two novels The Stranger and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich(One Day) has an animalistic effect on the protagonists. In The Stranger, Meursault complains about the intensity of sunlight. His nature is not a light friendly one, he becomes distracted and begins to sweat under intensive light. Meursault may in several ways be compared to a bat, confused and irritated by light, though when in a dark environment, he is able to concentrate and focus. On the other hand, Shukov from One Day experiences light as mental freedom from the dark camp. Light allows him to hope for a better future for him and everyone in the camp. Shukov shows animalistic features as well, as he wakes with the sun rising and ends his day with the†¦show more content†¦Meursault is aware that this applies to the current situation equally as to everything in his life up to that point, which has been a Yes or No situation he simply accepted without disobeying this. The fact that he was ab le to make such a realization under relatively intensive sunlight is odd for his character. Later on The scorching blade slashed at my eyelashes and stabbed at my stinging eyes. Thats when everything began to reel. The sea carried up a thick, fiery breath. It seemed to me as if the sky split open from one end to the other to rain down fire. (The Stranger, 59) Meursault represents an existentialist existence. That he was able to make a life-changing realization, but later on is not able to control his mind when the situation becomes real, shows how he is directed by the glaring sun. In the dark Meursault is himself, as soon as he is surrounded by light though, his self is pushed aside and he is physically as well as mentally lead by a different force over which he has no control. Shukov as well as Meursault shows physical and mental reactions to light: Every nerve in his body was taut, all his longing was concentrated in that cigarette butt -- which meant more to him now, it seemed, than freedom itself†¦ (One Day, 24-25) His mind and body are focused on the glowing light of the cigarette butt, it

Popular culture can be seenas a tool for maintaining status quo, discuss this point of view Free Essays

Marxist school of thought argues that society is structured by and is divided into classes with the ruling one being at the top of the hierarchy. No matter which class takes that social power (hegemony) and becomes the bourgeoisie of its time, there is always a need to maintain it, thus controlling the proletariat by any means at hand. In this essay I will discuss how popular culture is used to achieve this goal according to the Marxist point of view. We will write a custom essay sample on Popular culture can be seenas a tool for maintaining status quo, discuss this point of view or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the modern times culture and classes are mostly confined within individual states, although interchangeable cultural values and process of globalisation might be developing in our society, they are not yet matured enough to challenge the key capitalist ideology. The state in opinion of such Marxist as Louis Althusser is the kind of governmental formation that arises with capitalism; a state (term ‘nation’ can also be applicable in this case) is determined by the capitalist mode of production and formed to protect its interests. It is historically true (whether you are a Marxist or not) that the idea of nations as discrete units is coterminous with capitalism. He sees such political ideologies as democracy for example, as providers of an illusion that all people are equal, and have equal power (and hence masks relations of economic exploitation). ‘Culture is a constant succession of social practices: it is therefore inherently political’ (John Fiske) Althusser stated in his works that there are two main ways in which the elite can manipulate lower classes; Ideological State Apparatuses is one of such mechanisms. These are institutions, which generate ideologies, which we as individuals (and groups) then internalize, and act in accordance with. Examples include schools, religions, the family, legal systems, politics, arts, sports and media. As we will see later, popular culture can be used in conjunction with these ISAs. Since the end of 19th century television started to play a major role in our lives. It generates values, ideas and messages that we often do not question thoroughly enough to understand their indented meanings. Thus, arguably it is the tool social elite uses to controls us. Due to the fact that television is often blended into the term popular culture or is defined as significant element of popular culture; I shall base my discussion around its example. According to such theorists as John Fiske and Wiesengrund Adorno mass media promote low cultural concepts (to which all this of popularity are assigned according to elitist point of view) that are meant to keep the members of the lower society classes passive or even narcotized to fuel the capitalist machine. A good example would be a BBC news report that is considered to be trustworthy source of information. Every day before report goes on air its content is carefully edited to fit in with the current government agendas and social norms. Even though issues raised may concern a variety of professional debates within the society, they are simplified and implemented in the standardized language to be easily understood, hence dummed down to the level of the lowest common denominator that is proletariat. Amongst such concepts is commodity culture which links well with the culture industry. First endorses the view that people in modern society are nothing more than a set of branded goods and are easily manipulated. This theory connotes that anything could be purchased in the capitalist society for a certain amount of money that serve as ultimate lever of the classes. John Fiske goes on to expand this idea to suggest that even loyalty, love and friendship values can be corrupted by this type of popular culture. Supporting these statements is a difficult task; however, let us look at some common to all of us things. Non-compulsory military service could suggest purchasable loyalty; it offers good wages and high quality training in exchange for your life (extreme and blunt example yet makes a point). Commodity culture in its turn, as stated by Adorno, keeps us passively satisfied and politically disinterested. It provides us with false needs to take care of and a set of fetishistic desires, which invade our lives. All of this is said to exhaust our economic potential to the point we loose our upward mobility and become an inactive part of the society that poses no threat to the ruling elite’s hegemony. Take reality TV shows and property market. Do we really need to know that some of our fellow humans can’t sing? Or do we need to keep buying and selling properties until we have large mortgages, high levels of stress and no real power? Yet most of the people master the art of making do that is popular culture values. Finally French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu divided capital into cultural and financial parts. He reasoned that similar to variable access to money and thus power by different classes and social groups, there is a variable possession of cultural and symbolic power. Hence by embracing popular culture we lower our cultural capital that affects our status and meaning within the modern society. Marxist view of the society is quite dated now, yet it still provides alarmingly appropriate to modern day life ideas. Nonetheless, it is important to understand that in its extreme and pure form Marxist view can only lead to wild conspiracy theories and delusional arguments. In my opinion Marxism should be used in conjunction and contrast with its rival theories in order to reach realistic conclusions. How to cite Popular culture can be seenas a tool for maintaining status quo, discuss this point of view, Papers

Innovation in Real World and Reflective Log

Question: Critically discuss the benefits and advantages you have derived from the completion of the Innovation Risk Management Module. Answer: Innovative company Ebay can be considered as an innovation as they were first business to set up online business. This platform helped different sellers to market their product on the portal and reach the customers. This is what innovation is. After Ebay came into picture, there were plenty of other online shopping websites. The basic idea of online shopping was copied from Ebay but they ensured that they add additional features so that the customers can be attracted to them. Invention helped the other shopping websites to be better than that of Ebay. Slowly and steadily, Ebay expanded its market so that it can reach people from all the corners of the world. Today, almost all the countries in the world are touched by Ebay (Laplaca 2014). Reflective log To understand what is innovation and invention, I started to read lot of books. This helped me to differentiate between innovation and invention. To make things clear, I started to discuss this with my friends. My friends had few doubts on the topic and I had few doubts, so it was clarified. More discussion on the topic allowed us to have clear knowledge about the subject. Internet was second source that helped us to understand the real difference between innovation and invention. I came across plenty of innovative products on the internet and then I realized that innovation need not be any big but he can also be small. To make things clear, I made a note of few things that were considered as innovative. Researched properly about the product on the internet and I realized that few of the products were really innovate as it was first of its kind. Few of the products were invention and not innovation so I made a note of these things. On the internet, I realized that there are plenty of products which were just copied from an innovative product but the innovative product wasnt marketed so the product which copied the innovative product is considered as innovative (Belenzon 2010). To make things even more clear, I decided to meet up with few of the business owners who have developed some innovative product. This helped me to understand the environment in which the innovators like to work. I also tried to understand the impact of management on the innovators. The management of all the innovative companies gave space to the employees so that they can innovate something new and come up in the market (Mooi 2012). Research strategy Primary research as well as secondary research was undertaken so that complete knowledge about the subject was gained. Secondary research was easy to complete as the library had plenty of books on innovation. Apart from the library, internet also helped to gain knowledge about the research topic. The problem raised in secondary research when different authors had different opinion on the same time. Primary research was complicated as getting appointments from the business owners was a difficult task. The pain that we went through for getting appointments was all worth because we understood, how innovation takes place in real time. This is completely different than what is mentioned in the books (Evan 2007). References Belenzon, S, 2010, Innovation in business groups, Management science, Vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 519-535 Evan, W, 2007, Innovation in business organizations: some factors associated with success of failure of staff people, The journal of business, Vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 519-530 Laplaca, P, 2014, Innovation in business networks, Industrial marketing management, Vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 359-360 Mooi, E, 2012, Encouraging innovation in business relationships: a research role, Journal of business research, Vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 1025-1030