Common Characteristics of Generation Y Professionals

Common Characteristics of Generation Y Professionals To some, members of Generation Y, also known as millennials, are liberal, insanely tech savvy, self-expressive, confident, and open to new ideas and new ways of doing things.To others, millennials are overly selfish, narcissistic, lazy, delusional and disloyal to a fault. They are materialistic and care little about civil and political affairs. They are constantly checking their twitter feeds and seeking validation on social media.Regardless of what older generations think of members of generation Y, the truth is that this generation is here to stay, and will form the major part of the workforce in the near future and even become business leaders. Whether you like it or not, you will have to work with millennials.Question is, how do you manage them when they are so different from your generation? How do you ensure that their expectations at the workplace are being met?The key lies in understanding the characteristics that define the generation. Every generation believes it defines th e best characteristics and morals, and it is no wonder that older generations generally think negatively about generation Y. But is there anything positive thing about this generation, and better yet, how do you handle members of generation Y while maintaining your organization’s high performance? Let’s find out.WHO ARE GENERATION Y PROFESSIONALS? According to the U.S Census Bureau, Generation Y is comprised of people who were born between 1982 and 2000. Generation Y members are also referred to as millennials, echo boomers (since they are children of the baby boomers), the net generation, the iGen, or the boomerang generation.This generation grew up in a time characterized by a technological explosion and huge societal changes, so they are significantly different from the generations preceding them.Since they are poised to become the largest segment of the workforce, it would be detrimental for employers to ignore the needs, desires and attitudes of this generation. Below are s ome of the general characteristics that define this generation.GENERATION Y IS VERY TECH SAVVY“I’ll send you an email.”“I’ve shared a link with you on WhatsApp.”“Check out my business on Facebook”These are some of the things you might hear in a business conversation with a member of generation Y, and they show the affinity this generation has for technology. Generation Y members were born into a world where technology was quickly becoming ubiquitous. They are digital natives who grew up surrounded by technology such as the internet, personal computers, smartphones, and so on. Because of this, they are very technology savvy, and technology forms a central part of their lives.Many of their daily activities are done online â€" from communication, shopping, learning and entertainment to more intimate activities like checking on friends and dating. This generation also relies on technology to become more efficient at work. They are the generation behind many of today’s innovations â€" think of companies like Dropbox, Instagram, Facebook, AirBnB, and so on. Technology is so ingrained in their lives that lack of access to a smartphone can lead to a condition known as nomophobia or smartphone separation anxiety. Yes, this generation is addicted to technology.As an employer, you should take advantage of your millennial employees’ tech-savviness. Many employers go wrong by trying to prevent millennials from using their personal devices at work. Instead of prohibiting their use, encourage them to use these devices for work.Personally, I use my smartphone for a number of work-related activities, from answering emails, to editing documents on the cloud, organizing their calendars, holding virtual meetings with colleagues, and so on. Allowing your generation Y employees to use their personal devices at work not only helps them increase their productivity, but also shows that you trust them to get their work done without having to constantly monitor them. While technology is ingrained in the daily lives of Gen Y professionals, don’t let it replace all other forms of interaction. Encourage face-to-face meetings when necessary and create opportunities for them to interact informally with other employees, such as taking the whole team out for out-of-office lunches.GENERATION  Y PREFERS FLEXIBILITYJack is a baby boomer. For him, work is a very important thing. He worked hard to provide for his family, even if this meant going for weeks without any meaningful time spent with his family. His kids grew up seeing very little of him because he was always at work. The same is true of many others in baby boomer generation.Being the kids that grew up with unavailable parents, millennials have a very different attitude to work. They understand that there is life outside work. They are looking for flexible work environments that will allow them to spend more time with their families and to get involved in other activities outside of work. A good work/life balance is so important that 75% of millennials claim it is the key thing they look for in a job, according to a report by the US Chamber of Commerce.Generation Y employees are not afraid to sacrifice some pay if it means that they will have better balance between work and life, as this research by the Griffith Insurance Education Foundation found out. In other words, they want the option to adjust their work schedule to fit their life, rather than adjusting their life to fit their work schedule. They prefer jobs that give more vacation time and the ability to work outside the office.To older generations, this is narcissistic and represents laziness and a lack of commitment and drive. To millennials, however, this is simply a different way of doing things that allows them to blend their work and life, instead of working and waiting to enjoy their life after retirement.So, how do you ensure that the desires of your Gen Y employees are met when they view work as something t o do between weekends? First, provide them with a flexible work schedule that allows them to have a good work-life balance. The sixty hour work week that worked for their parents will not cut it out for millennials. To provide a flexible work environment, you can have millennials design their own work schedules by letting them choose the time they come to work and the time they leave the office, provided they work for the requisite number of hours in between. You can also provide paid time off as part of the benefits package.If possible, come up a flexible work week where each employee is allowed to work remotely for one day each week. You should also create a fun and relaxed workplace that will make it easier for your millennial employees to enjoy their work. Encourage them to take regular breaks and set up a fun and relaxing breakout area.For instance, at one of the companies I worked for before, we had a break out area with some bean bags, a sofa and a pool table. Having regular day/night outs is another great way to make work fun for millennials.Better yet, think of incorporating the Google way of motivating employees. Finally, encourage your Gen Y employees to work on their own hobbies. This prevents burn out and makes them feel that they are not sacrificing every part of their lives for work.GENERATION Y IS AMBITIOUS AND RESULT ORIENTEDMembers of generation Y were pampered by their parents and taught that the world is theirs for the taking. They have seen young entrepreneurs like Mark Zuckerberg build a fortune from nothing in a few short years. As a result, they are overly ambitious and overdosed on confidence. They believe that there is no limit to what they can achieve. They have high expectations at work. They believe that they don’t need to work for 10 years before being given important roles within the organization.They aren’t afraid of facing new challenges or questioning authority. They want to know that what they do matters. They don’t hes itate to look for opportunities elsewhere if they feel that their expectations are not being met.As an employer, you should encourage the Gen Y professionals’ self-confidence and “can-do” attitude. Don’t stifle their expectations. Instead, constantly provide them with challenges and encourage them to share their thoughts and ideas. Give them several projects and put them in situations that require them to apply their problem-solving skills. When appropriate, allow them to work on projects with senior colleagues.Despite being ambitious and result-oriented, millennials don’t take well to being micromanaged. They want to maintain control over how and when they do their work. Rather than telling them what they should do and what they should not do, describe for them the desired result and leave it to them to figure out how they will achieve it.Brought up with the internet at their fingertips, they grew up figuring things on their own and will probably come up with a better pro cess of achieving the desired results.TEAM PLAYERSMany people from older generations believe that members of Gen Y are individualistic narcissists who will avoid every chance to work with other people if they can. Nothing could be further from the truth. The desire to work in teams is high on their agenda and is something they actually enjoy. Most millennials grew up in environments that foster cooperation and teamwork. Therefore, they are comfortable working as part of a team and prefer the sense of unity and collaboration gained from working as a team.Despite being independent thinkers, millennials want the input, support, and affirmation that comes from working with others. They also know that teamwork is far more effective that division and competition. Having grown in a multi-cultural world, they also have no problem playing a role in teams with diverse coworkers.Employers should take advantage of millennials’ affinity for teamwork. Encourage the teamwork spirit and create a work environment that emphasizes the importance of teamwork. Mentor, train and coach them as a team, and you can expect them to achieve more and better, with all of them focused on team success rather than individual success.GENERATION Y CRAVES ATTENTIONGeneration Y professionals grew up in the age of the internet and social media, where the instant-access feedback cycle is the norm. This has translated into their professional lives, where they want to receive quick and consistent feedback and guidance from their superiors. Millennials want feedback more than any other generation. They want to know that what they are doing matters. They want to be given credit for their skills and talents. They want to know that they are doing well at work.To older generations, this is a characteristic of a self-absorbed generation that wants to receive constant praise for the smallest of things. This is where they go wrong. The need for constant feedback does not mean that millennials want to be pa mpered at work. It means that they want guidance and the reassurance that they are headed in the right direction. They are looking for ways to get even better at their jobs by having their superiors tell them where they are doing well and where they need to improve.To members of Generation Y, managers are a little more than bosses; they are coaches too. They expect managers to mentor them and help them develop personally and professionally. Millennials are a generation that wants to achieve their goals quickly; to do so, they need to frequent and effective feedback to ensure that they are always on the correct path.As a manager, you should understand that your Gen Y employees want to learn from you. They want you to teach and coach them. They are impatient, therefore the traditional yearly feedback sessions won’t cut it. You will need to provide feedback a lot more often. Once every quarter is good. Once every month is even better. Provide them with short term goals and reward the m once they achieve certain milestones. Give them a goal they need to meet and then check with them regularly to ascertain that they are on the right path.Finally, listen to your millennial employees. While they might not have the experience, they are not afraid to think outside the box, and can easily come up with innovative ways of doing business. They want to know they matter to the organization. Ignoring them when they know they have ideas that could improve the business does not sit very well with them.Even though it might take some time getting used to it, make a habit of asking for the opinions of your Generation Y employees and listen carefully to what they say â€" they might give you a truly transformative idea.GENERATION Y IS NOT AFRAID OF CHALLENGING THE STATUS QUOLet us for a moment consider a situation where two employees â€" one from Generation X and the other from generation Y â€" are called into their boss’s office and given a new project. In most cases, the Genera tion X employee will find out exactly what needs to be done and then go ahead to start working the project as he has been told.He won’t question the thinking process behind the project or the suggested approach for the project. He’ll just do what is required and hopefully figure things along the way.The same cannot be said of the Generation Y employee. There’s a high probability that the millennial will want to understand why the project needs to be done, why it needs to be done that way, why it can’t be done another way, and so on.In a traditional work environment, this can the Generation Y employee look disrespectful to his boss. However, this is not being disrespectful. Instead, it is a representation of a generation that has grown up constantly challenging traditional approaches. Driven by impact, millennials want to know that what they are doing counts, and the only way to know that is by asking questions. In addition, they have grown up in a different world than the ge neration before them and therefore look at things from a new perspective that is full of new possibilities.They know that there are new and better ways of doing things and they are not afraid of letting their bosses know what they think will work and what will not. They are ambitious and want to make an impact, meaning they will not hesitate to challenge the current state of things if they think they will make a positive change.As a manger, you should not stifle the seemingly crazy ideas from your Generation Y employees. Actually, you should encourage them to share any ideas they feel will improve the way of doing things. Advances to society and business have always been brought about by people who challenged the status quo. Before the introduction of the iPhone, so called experts said mobile computing would never go mainstream. Unfazed, Steve Jobs ignored these “experts” and introduced the iPhone, starting a revolution that has seen mobile computing overtake desktop computing.T he same way, by encouraging your Gen Y employees to voice their opinions and challenge the status quo, you might chance on an idea capable of revolutionizing your way of doing business.When working with millennials, you should also learn to put your decisions into context. Instead of just saying what needs to be done, explain why it has to be done. Giving them the goal behind the task will encourage millennials to think about the task with the bigger picture in mind and come up with better ways of doing the task.GENERATION Y CARES ABOUT GIVING BACK TO THE COMMUNITYIn contrast to their reputation of being lazy and narcissistic, millennials are very philanthropic and care a lot about making an impact to the community. They want to feel that their efforts are making the word better for others. Actually, millennials care more about giving back to community than they care about getting a fat paycheck, according to a study conducted by the Pew Research Center.Generation Y employees want t o work with companies that have a reputation for supporting social causes. If you want to attract and retain Gen Y talent, you need to show them that your company cares about more than just profits. You need to have in place programs through which they can give back to the community.You can do this through a number of ways. You might opt to hold company-sponsored events for the benefit of the community, come up with a program that matches their donations to charitable organizations of their choice, or give them paid time off to take part in charitable events.GENERATION Y ARE SERIAL MULTI-TASKERSMillennials are serial muti-taskers. Having grown up with computers and cell phones, millennials are comfortable with doing several things at the same time. They will listen to podcasts while working out or write an article while chatting on instant messenger.If you look around your office right now, you will probably notice a Gen Y colleague talking on the office phone while replying to an e mail on the computer and forwarding something to another colleague on their smartphone.Millennials are good at multi-tasking because they have been doing it their entire life. Instead of getting stuck doing one thing, they want to make maximum use of their time by doing multiple things simultaneously.The ability to do multiple activities at the same time makes Gen Y professionals comfortable in the fast-paced environment of today’s workplace. If you have Gen Y professionals in your team, don’t be afraid to give them multiple tasks. They love the challenge of working on several tasks at the same time, and it might even help to prevent them from experiencing boredom at work.WRAPPING UPGeneration Y professionals have unique characteristics that differentiate them from past generations. At the same time, they will form the majority of the workforce within the course of the next decade, so it important to understand their characteristics so as to be able to effectively work alongside them.While it might seem like they are excessively self-centered and entitled, they have several positive characteristics that make them easy to work with. They also love their jobs and are willing to give it their all provided they know that what they are doing counts.However, it is good to note that, even though Gen Y has its common characteristics, this does not mean that each millennial will behave exactly like the next one. If you find yourself working alongside Gen Y professionals, take the time to understand them individually.

Surgical Robots And The Field Of Surgery - 1632 Words

Surgical Robots in the Field of Surgery Shenin Siddiqui Monmouth University Surgical Robots in the Field of Surgery Technology is advancing each and everyday. In the medical field and especially in the field of surgery, the most popular topic is robotic surgery. Robotic surgery is a novel and an exhilarating advancement in the medical field. Currently, surgical robots mainly have a promotional role rather than a practical role. However, robots are being used in many small surgeries and the extent of robots in the medical world is still evolving (Lanfranco, Castellanos, Desai, Meyers, 2004). To genuinely understand this futuristic technology, the advantages, the disadvantages, the current and the†¦show more content†¦Throughout an operation, the robots make instrument handling more natural. Furthermore, with the help of surgical robots, doctors can avoid unnecessary movements to change tools and to look at the monitor (Lanfranco, Castellanos, Desai, Meyers, 2004). This is beneficial because this allows the surgeon to solely focus on the surge ry and to get the job done more quickly and efficiently. Moreover, the three dimensional sight from the robot is much more clear compared to the usual laparoscopic camera. All these advantages of robotic surgery tremendously help surgeons with identifying and dissecting body parts (Lanfranco, Castellanos, Desai, Meyers, 2004). Therefore, this advanced technology can make surgeries more effective and less difficult. Although surgical robots are beneficial, there are a few disadvantages to this innovative technology. To begin, robots in surgery are fairly new and their effectiveness is not fully recognized (Lanfranco, Castellanos, Desai, Meyers, 2004). Thus, surgical robots are not altogether reliable. Also, the expense of surgical robots is a major disadvantage because surgical robots can cost millions of dollars. There is a possibility that the price of the robots may drop in the future with more developments in technology and with more practice with robots. On the other hand, many believe that the price of the robots will

Effect of Light in The Stranger and One Day in the Life...

The light in the two novels The Stranger and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich(One Day) has an animalistic effect on the protagonists. In The Stranger, Meursault complains about the intensity of sunlight. His nature is not a light friendly one, he becomes distracted and begins to sweat under intensive light. Meursault may in several ways be compared to a bat, confused and irritated by light, though when in a dark environment, he is able to concentrate and focus. On the other hand, Shukov from One Day experiences light as mental freedom from the dark camp. Light allows him to hope for a better future for him and everyone in the camp. Shukov shows animalistic features as well, as he wakes with the sun rising and ends his day with the†¦show more content†¦Meursault is aware that this applies to the current situation equally as to everything in his life up to that point, which has been a Yes or No situation he simply accepted without disobeying this. The fact that he was ab le to make such a realization under relatively intensive sunlight is odd for his character. Later on The scorching blade slashed at my eyelashes and stabbed at my stinging eyes. Thats when everything began to reel. The sea carried up a thick, fiery breath. It seemed to me as if the sky split open from one end to the other to rain down fire. (The Stranger, 59) Meursault represents an existentialist existence. That he was able to make a life-changing realization, but later on is not able to control his mind when the situation becomes real, shows how he is directed by the glaring sun. In the dark Meursault is himself, as soon as he is surrounded by light though, his self is pushed aside and he is physically as well as mentally lead by a different force over which he has no control. Shukov as well as Meursault shows physical and mental reactions to light: Every nerve in his body was taut, all his longing was concentrated in that cigarette butt -- which meant more to him now, it seemed, than freedom itself†¦ (One Day, 24-25) His mind and body are focused on the glowing light of the cigarette butt, it

Popular culture can be seenas a tool for maintaining status quo, discuss this point of view Free Essays

Marxist school of thought argues that society is structured by and is divided into classes with the ruling one being at the top of the hierarchy. No matter which class takes that social power (hegemony) and becomes the bourgeoisie of its time, there is always a need to maintain it, thus controlling the proletariat by any means at hand. In this essay I will discuss how popular culture is used to achieve this goal according to the Marxist point of view. We will write a custom essay sample on Popular culture can be seenas a tool for maintaining status quo, discuss this point of view or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the modern times culture and classes are mostly confined within individual states, although interchangeable cultural values and process of globalisation might be developing in our society, they are not yet matured enough to challenge the key capitalist ideology. The state in opinion of such Marxist as Louis Althusser is the kind of governmental formation that arises with capitalism; a state (term ‘nation’ can also be applicable in this case) is determined by the capitalist mode of production and formed to protect its interests. It is historically true (whether you are a Marxist or not) that the idea of nations as discrete units is coterminous with capitalism. He sees such political ideologies as democracy for example, as providers of an illusion that all people are equal, and have equal power (and hence masks relations of economic exploitation). ‘Culture is a constant succession of social practices: it is therefore inherently political’ (John Fiske) Althusser stated in his works that there are two main ways in which the elite can manipulate lower classes; Ideological State Apparatuses is one of such mechanisms. These are institutions, which generate ideologies, which we as individuals (and groups) then internalize, and act in accordance with. Examples include schools, religions, the family, legal systems, politics, arts, sports and media. As we will see later, popular culture can be used in conjunction with these ISAs. Since the end of 19th century television started to play a major role in our lives. It generates values, ideas and messages that we often do not question thoroughly enough to understand their indented meanings. Thus, arguably it is the tool social elite uses to controls us. Due to the fact that television is often blended into the term popular culture or is defined as significant element of popular culture; I shall base my discussion around its example. According to such theorists as John Fiske and Wiesengrund Adorno mass media promote low cultural concepts (to which all this of popularity are assigned according to elitist point of view) that are meant to keep the members of the lower society classes passive or even narcotized to fuel the capitalist machine. A good example would be a BBC news report that is considered to be trustworthy source of information. Every day before report goes on air its content is carefully edited to fit in with the current government agendas and social norms. Even though issues raised may concern a variety of professional debates within the society, they are simplified and implemented in the standardized language to be easily understood, hence dummed down to the level of the lowest common denominator that is proletariat. Amongst such concepts is commodity culture which links well with the culture industry. First endorses the view that people in modern society are nothing more than a set of branded goods and are easily manipulated. This theory connotes that anything could be purchased in the capitalist society for a certain amount of money that serve as ultimate lever of the classes. John Fiske goes on to expand this idea to suggest that even loyalty, love and friendship values can be corrupted by this type of popular culture. Supporting these statements is a difficult task; however, let us look at some common to all of us things. Non-compulsory military service could suggest purchasable loyalty; it offers good wages and high quality training in exchange for your life (extreme and blunt example yet makes a point). Commodity culture in its turn, as stated by Adorno, keeps us passively satisfied and politically disinterested. It provides us with false needs to take care of and a set of fetishistic desires, which invade our lives. All of this is said to exhaust our economic potential to the point we loose our upward mobility and become an inactive part of the society that poses no threat to the ruling elite’s hegemony. Take reality TV shows and property market. Do we really need to know that some of our fellow humans can’t sing? Or do we need to keep buying and selling properties until we have large mortgages, high levels of stress and no real power? Yet most of the people master the art of making do that is popular culture values. Finally French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu divided capital into cultural and financial parts. He reasoned that similar to variable access to money and thus power by different classes and social groups, there is a variable possession of cultural and symbolic power. Hence by embracing popular culture we lower our cultural capital that affects our status and meaning within the modern society. Marxist view of the society is quite dated now, yet it still provides alarmingly appropriate to modern day life ideas. Nonetheless, it is important to understand that in its extreme and pure form Marxist view can only lead to wild conspiracy theories and delusional arguments. In my opinion Marxism should be used in conjunction and contrast with its rival theories in order to reach realistic conclusions. How to cite Popular culture can be seenas a tool for maintaining status quo, discuss this point of view, Papers

Innovation in Real World and Reflective Log

Question: Critically discuss the benefits and advantages you have derived from the completion of the Innovation Risk Management Module. Answer: Innovative company Ebay can be considered as an innovation as they were first business to set up online business. This platform helped different sellers to market their product on the portal and reach the customers. This is what innovation is. After Ebay came into picture, there were plenty of other online shopping websites. The basic idea of online shopping was copied from Ebay but they ensured that they add additional features so that the customers can be attracted to them. Invention helped the other shopping websites to be better than that of Ebay. Slowly and steadily, Ebay expanded its market so that it can reach people from all the corners of the world. Today, almost all the countries in the world are touched by Ebay (Laplaca 2014). Reflective log To understand what is innovation and invention, I started to read lot of books. This helped me to differentiate between innovation and invention. To make things clear, I started to discuss this with my friends. My friends had few doubts on the topic and I had few doubts, so it was clarified. More discussion on the topic allowed us to have clear knowledge about the subject. Internet was second source that helped us to understand the real difference between innovation and invention. I came across plenty of innovative products on the internet and then I realized that innovation need not be any big but he can also be small. To make things clear, I made a note of few things that were considered as innovative. Researched properly about the product on the internet and I realized that few of the products were really innovate as it was first of its kind. Few of the products were invention and not innovation so I made a note of these things. On the internet, I realized that there are plenty of products which were just copied from an innovative product but the innovative product wasnt marketed so the product which copied the innovative product is considered as innovative (Belenzon 2010). To make things even more clear, I decided to meet up with few of the business owners who have developed some innovative product. This helped me to understand the environment in which the innovators like to work. I also tried to understand the impact of management on the innovators. The management of all the innovative companies gave space to the employees so that they can innovate something new and come up in the market (Mooi 2012). Research strategy Primary research as well as secondary research was undertaken so that complete knowledge about the subject was gained. Secondary research was easy to complete as the library had plenty of books on innovation. Apart from the library, internet also helped to gain knowledge about the research topic. The problem raised in secondary research when different authors had different opinion on the same time. Primary research was complicated as getting appointments from the business owners was a difficult task. The pain that we went through for getting appointments was all worth because we understood, how innovation takes place in real time. This is completely different than what is mentioned in the books (Evan 2007). References Belenzon, S, 2010, Innovation in business groups, Management science, Vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 519-535 Evan, W, 2007, Innovation in business organizations: some factors associated with success of failure of staff people, The journal of business, Vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 519-530 Laplaca, P, 2014, Innovation in business networks, Industrial marketing management, Vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 359-360 Mooi, E, 2012, Encouraging innovation in business relationships: a research role, Journal of business research, Vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 1025-1030

Female Circumcision Essays - Religion And Children, Feminism

Female Circumcision Lou Barbero Barbero 1 Professor Garber Hm 46 March 5th The Argument against Female Circumcision Female circumcision is an operation done in many of the Arab countries and is an example of how woman change their bodies in order to conform to society. There are many aspects to this practice such as medical, religious and psychological. Very few people in these countries will ever say anything on the matter, even if they object. Speaking of issues regarding women and sex in these countries is a taboo. One woman, Nawal El Saadawi, a medical doctor who later became Egypt's Director of Public Health was brave enough to come forward. The fact that she did ultimately lead to dismissal from her position and actual imprisonment. Her writings are forbidden from many of the Arab countries that practice female circumcision. In a selection from The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World (1980), she explains her argument against female circumcision and retells some interviews she had with women who underwent the operation. El Saadawi goes into detail telling about the procedure that the girls underwent in her culture, usually around the age of seven or eight. The local midwife called the daya, would show up to perform the operation. In most cases two women members of the family would hold the girl by her thighs to expose her genitals and to prevent struggling. Then the daya would proceed to cut of the clitoris of the girl with a sharp razor. One of the women El Saadawi interviewed explained "the daya sat between these two women, Barbero 2 holding a sharp razor in her hand which she used to cut off the clitoris." (Nawal El Saadawi 170) Although El Saadawi claims there are no advantages to this operation, many people tend to disagree. One claim made by people in favor of female circumcision is that by minimizing sexual desire, a girl is more likely to stay a virgin. Studies show that by removing the clitoris, sexual desire is drastically decreased. "A married woman admitted that during intercourse with her husband she had never experienced the slightest sexual enjoyment?" El Saadawi recounts about a women who was circumcised at six years old. (172) In most customs, circumcision is a religious procedure. Many Religions practice both male and female circumcision. El Saadawi disagrees saying "If religion came from God, how it order man to cut off an organ created by Him as long as that organ is not diseased or deformed". (178) The author explains the many negative effects that can be caused by this operation, both physical and psychological. Some of these effects even led to death. Hemorrhaging is caused by deep cuts made by the daya. The daya cuts deep to maintain that none of the clitoris is left behind and no sexual pleasure can be found. There are also many inflammatory problems caused because the daya does not know of asepsis. As for short-term effects, the women will undergo severe pain for at least a few days after the operation. In an interview with El Saadawi a women recounted: "I had severe body pains, and remained in bed for several days, unable to move. The pain in my external organs led to retention of urine. Everytime I wanted to urinate the burning sensation was so bad I could not bring myself to pass Barbero 3 water?" (171) There has also been much in El Saadawi's work to prove that there is much psychological damage done, especially in the area of sexual shock. This sexual shock lead to great fridgety making it almost impossible for a woman to ever enjoy sex. Neurosis is another long-term effects of the operation. (El Saadawi 171) Egyptian women undergo such a strict upbringing that no one will object, or admit to anything related to sex. The girls are told all their lives that this operation will preserve their honor. One women recounted "It was said that a girl who did not undergo this operation was liable to be talked about by people, her behavior would become bad, and she would start running after man?" (El Saadawi 171) It has also been argued that the clitoris is unimportant to reproduction and therefore unimportant to women. "The clitoris however, is

Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. Essay Example

Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. Essay Example Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. Paper Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. Paper A Biological Research Submitted to the Research Center Alabel National Science High School Regional Science High School for Region XII Alabel, Sarangani Province Submitted by: Shaira Mae M. Yamon Fourth Year- Diamond Submitted to: SHIELA P. BUTIL, Ph. D. Research Adviser August 5, 2013 ? Chapter I Introduction A. Background of the Study Amaranth (Amaranthus) or Pigweed popularly known as Kulitis or Uray here in the Philippines is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs that has been used for many years here and in other countries. Amaranth has significant nutritious content and can be used in many tasty recipes in place of wheat or other grains. Amaranth can grow up to seven feet tall (about 2. 1 meters), although most plants are five feet (about 1. 5 meters) or less. Amaranth plants have broad leaves and a flower head, with tiny seeds galore. The leaves come in many colors, including white, green, orange, pink, and red. Amaranth grain has high fiber, calcium, and iron content. It has a relatively high concentration of other vitamins as well, including magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and manganese, and a nearly complete set of amino acids, which you won’t find in many other grains. The leaves of amaranth are a good source of nutrition as well, with high concentrations of vitamins A, B6, and C; riboflavin; and foliate. Minerals found in amaranth greens include calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese. Several studies have shown that amaranth seed or oil may benefit those with hypertension and cardiovascular disease; regular consumption reduces blood pressure and cholesterol levels, while improving antioxidant status and some immune parameters. In traditional medicine Amaranth is especially recommended for people with a low red blood cell count. Amaranth is one of the most delicious leafy vegetables. It is a good crop for greens especially during the summer months when it is hard to grow and other kinds of vegetables. Amaranth is used in stews, sinigang and other dishes wherever spinach (Spinacea oleracea L). Many wild Amaranthus species are used as pot herbs. Used as ornamentals are A. tricolor forms with red, yellow and green colored leaves or leaf sections and A. cruentus with large bright red inflorescences. Amaranthus weeds are used as for fodder (pigweed). Vegetable amaranths are recommended as a good food with medicinal properties for young children, lactating mothers and for patients with fever, hemorrhage, anemia or kidney complaints. The wild A. spinosus L. used as a depurative against venereal diseases and as dressing on boils. B. Objectives of the Study Generally this study aims to identify bioactive compounds present in Amaranth or Kulitis by Phytochemical screening. Specifically, this study seeks to: a. Know the property of Kulitis plant b. Know the visibility of the plant in curing such complicated disease. c. Determines the capability of the plant as a herbal medicine. C. Significance of the study This study will be conducted and will undergo phytochemical screening examination. This is to determine its compound that in the future studies, it will be a great help for people in the society, especially to people who have snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. Snake bites and scorpion stings are dangerous because of the venom it carries. The information gathered in this study will also help the scientific community in analyzing the possibilities of making any pharmaceutical products out of the said plant. Finally, this study will help the future researchers to conduct other possible uses of Kulitis (Amaranthus spinosus L. ) that would also be beneficial to the human health. D. Scope and Limitation of the Study The study is focused only in the analysis of Kulitis Leaves Extract and why it can possibly cure snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. The study does not cover Feasibility study on the other plant extract and other toxicity level. E. Hypothesis H0: There is no component in the Kulitis Leaves Extract that can possibly cure snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. Hi: There is a component in the Kulitis Leaves Extract that can possibly cure snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. F. Definition of terms 1. Kultis -is a bushy plant with broad, green leaves. It grows up to 4 feet tall in the garden. They are ready to be harvested in 5 to 6 weeks after planting them in the garden. They grow practically wild in the garden because they have so many seeds when it matures. The seeds are grown as grain in other countries like India and is a valuable source of protein. It contains the amino acids lysine and methionine. 2. )Phytochemical Analysis -is peer review of a study. It is devoted to the publication of original articles on the utilization of analytical methodology in the plant sciences. The spectrum of coverage is broad, encompassing methods and techniques relevant to the extraction, separation, purification, identification and qualification of substances in plant biochemistry, plant cellular and molecular biology, plant biotechnology, the food sciences, agriculture and horticulture. 3). Amaranthus is the scientific name of Kulitis CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Kulitis Kulitis (Amaranthus viridis L. ) is alleged to originate from the lowland Tropical South and Central America and it was introduced into other warm places of the world. This weed is mostly found on roadsides and wastelands. It has a wide variety of distribution in all tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Southeast Asia, including the United States of America. Amaranth has significant nutritious content and can be used in many tasty recipes in place of wheat or other grains. Amaranth can grow up to seven feet tall (about 2. 1 meters), although most plants are five feet (about 1. 5 meters) or less. Amaranth plants have broad leaves and a flower head, with tiny seeds galore. The leaves come in many colors, including white, green, orange, pink,andred. It is highly adapted under lowland condition. Grow well at day temperatures above 250? C and night temperatures not lower than 150? C. Amaranthus are quantitative short day plants. It consumes high amount of water and uses 6 mm/day. Amaranthus prefers fertile, well drained soils with a loose structure. Amaranth is propagated by seeds. Depending on the cultivar, photoperiod and cultural practices, flowering may start 4-8 weeks after sowing then the seeds mature after 3-4 months (it will serve as the source of planting materials). However, A. dubius will continue its generative stage for a much longer period and when cut regularly, the plant may become shrubby and perennial but even at its mature stage the leaves are succulent which is suitable for consumption as vegetables. Amaranth is recognized as an easy to grow and very productive crop. It is probably the highest yielding leaf vegetable of the tropics with its excellent nutritional value thus of high importance for human consumption and as a cheap green vegetables for city dwellers. Research should focus on optimization of cultural practices, effective pest control with fewer residues and plant nutrition. Source: pinoy-entrepreneur. com/2010/08/03/amaranth-or-kulitis-production/ Uses and Importance of Kulitis Kulitis is one of the most nutritious leafy vegetables. It is used in stews, sinigang and other dishes whenever spinach (Spinaceae oleraceae L. is not available. Many wild Amaranthus species are used as pot herbs. Used as ornamentals are A. tricolor forms with red, yellow and green-colored leaves or leaf sections and A. cruentus with large bright red inflorescences. Kulitis weeds are used as fodder (pigweed). Vegetable amaranths have medicinal properties good for young children, lactating moth ers and patients with fever, hemorrhage, anemia or kidney problems. The wild A. spinosus L. is used as a cure against venereal diseases and as dressing on boils. Source:http://cagayandeoro. da. gov. ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/KULITIS. pdf Kulitis is very rich in iron therefore it is a good supplement of it. When someone has anemea, kulitis is just as good. It also contains Vitamin C which is the best immune system boost and calcium which is needed for strong bones. Iron is absorbed by the body in the presence of Vitamin C. Since this plant contains both, vitamin C supplement is not needed at all. Source:http://gaga-oly-herbalmedicine. blogspot. com/2011/11/chinese-spinach-kulitis. html Medicinal Uses of Kulitis Amaranth seeds and leaves are a very good source of vitamins, including vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin B6, vitamin C, riboflavin, and folate, and dietary minerals includingcalcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese. Both the seeds and leaf are high in protein, including the amino acid lysine. Amaranth seeds, like buckwheat and quinoa, contain protein that is unusually complete for plant sources. Like quinoa, another staple crop of pre-Colombian cultures, amaranth contains the essential amino acid lysine, which is deficient in wheat and barley. Most fruits and vegetables do not contain a complete set of amino acids, and thus different sources of protein must be used. Several studies have shown that like oats, amaranth seed or oil may be of benefit for those with hypertension and cardiovascular disease; regular consumption reduces blood pressure and cholesterol levels, while improving antioxidant status and some immune. While the active ingredient in oats appears to be water-soluble fiber, amaranth appears to lower cholesterol via its content of plant stanols and squalene. There are many other medicinal uses found in Kulitis that only a few know. The decoction of the root is useful in the treatment of gonorrhea, which is a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra. Its bruised leaves are used locally for eczema, a generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages. The plant is moreover, used as a sudorific and febrifuge and is recommended in eruptive fevers. It is also used as an antidote for snake-poison and as a lactagogue (enhance production of mother’s breastmilk). In addition, the plant is used as an expectorant and to relieve breathing in acute bronchitis. And the root is known elsewhere as an effective diuretic. It is also useful in treatment of menorrhagia, an abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged. Source: foodrecap. net/health/uray-benefits/ Because of its valuable nutrition, some farmers grow amaranth today and it is seen a potentially important agricultural crop of the future. However, their moderately high content of oxalic acid inhibits the absorption of calcium and zinc, and also means that they should be avoided or eaten in moderation by people with kidney disorders, gout, or rheumatoid arthritis. Reheating cooked amaranth greens is often discouraged, particularly for consumption by small children, as the nitrates in the leaves can be converted to nitrites, similarly to spinach. Kulitis, more nutritious than spinach Due to its similar flavor to spinach, the leaves of Kulitis (Amaranthus viridis Linn. ) are a good substitute. It is also called amaranth, Chinese spinach, tampala and pigweed. This vegetable is known as a symbol for immortality due to the longevity of its flowers because, after they are picked, they retain their appearance and freshness long after. It can be found abundantly in the Philippines and can grow wild in wastelands, dry areas, and pastures. It is a self-sustaining plant species and is drought-resistant. It is sometimes considered a weed due to its unremarkable appearance and hardy nature. It has other varieties with colorful leaves (purple to yellow or red) that are often grown as ornamentals. The leaves are rich in Vitamins B and C, and the minerals, iron and calcium. It can be used for salads, soups, stews and saute dishes. On its health benefits, the poultices from the leaves of kulitis can be used to cure acne. It is also used in treating boils or abscesses and as a remedy for snake and scorpion bites. Leaf extracts are used in treating dysentry and have shown antiviral properties. Source: bar. gov. ph/digest-home/digest-archives/124-2010-3rd-4th-quarter/437-it-is-not-expensive-to-be-well-and-healthy-try-tahiku Kulitis (Chinese Spinach) Wonders and its Therapeutic Benefits If youre living here in Philippines you must be familiar with Kulitis (internationally known as Chinese Spinach or uray in tagalog) it grows in abundance on any soil, but especially loves loose clay loam soil generally found in rural areas. Did you know that aside for its cheap and affordable price, this indigenous vegetable is rich in dietary fiber, iron, calcium, phosphorus, riboflavin, niacin and many more. 1. Prevention from Anemia Kulitis also known here as a herb that stops the bleeding it can treat internal bleeding and excessive menstruation remedy because of its iron content. 2. Asthma Yes, it can treat asthma just mix the leaves with water and boil it for a specific time. then drink. 3. Urinary troubles and diarrhea The leaves of kulitis has great benefits. It have considerable amount of potassium in the leaves that might explain kulitis diuretic properties. Also, the potassium maintains the proper electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body. 4. Bowel movement -kulitis have high fiber content which helps remove the toxins and eliminate waste 5. Breastfeeding Kulitis also contains calcium, phosphorus, and iron which helps in enhancing production of mothers breastmilk. Source: bubblews. com/news/372912-kulitis-chinese-spinach-wonders-and-its-therapeutic-benefits Chapter III METHODOLOGY In this chapter, the researcher present the materials and the procedure on the phytochemical screening conducted. The researcher prepared 100 grams of Kulitis leaves, 100 mL of 95% ethyl alcohol, 2 beakers or Erlenmeyer flasks, 10 test tubes , 1 test tube rack, 1 L distilled water , pair of scissors, 1 tray, roll of foil, cotton, gauze, tape , sulfuric acid, Dragendorff’s solution , Mayer’s regent, Wagner’s regent, Ferric acid, diluted hydrolic acid, Fehling’s B for the phytochemical screening. In the preparation of the phytochemical screening of Kulitis leaves , the researcher did some steps to ready the leaves. First, the researchers clean the leaves with natural water then, with distilled water. After cleaning the leaves , it must be dried under the heat of the sun. Then, cut it into 1 cm thick. Prepare the 95% ethyl alcohol, beaker, cotton, gauze, foil. Place the leaves in the beaker and soak it in 95% ethyl alcohol for 48 hours (2 days) and place the gauze and cotton at the top of the beaker then cover it and tape it. After 48 hours, the soaked leaves are extracted. The extract must be placed in another beaker and cover it again with cotton, gauze, foil. The extract must be refrigerated to avoid having molds. 1. Test for Sterols and Tipertenes (Lieberman-Berchard Test) A 10mL Kulitis leaves extract was dissolved in 10mL acetic anhydride. The soluble portions were decanted and 1-2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid was added. Green color is observed,either immediately or solely going to red or blue tones. A pink to red color is indicative of tipernoids while a blue color is indicative of steroids. 2. Test of Flavonoids One (1)mL Kulitis leaves extract was treated with 1mL 10 % hydrolic acid and few Magnesium turnings were added . Formation of red color is the present of flavonoids. 3. Test of Alkaloids Each Kulitis leaves extract with 1% HCl and drops of Mayer’s Reagent of Wagner’ Reagent were added to the filtered acid extract. A cream colored precipitate is observed in the case of Mayer’s Rgt. while a reddish brown precipitate is observed in the case of Wagner’s Rgt. Formula of Mayer’s Rgt. : Weight 1. 58g of mercuric chloride was dissolved in 60mL distilled water. On the other hand,5g of potassium iodine was added in 10mL distilled water. The two solution were mixed and diluted to 100mL with distilled water. Formula for Wagner’s Rgt. : Weight 1. 3g crystals and 2. 0g of potassium iodine were placed in a sufficient amount of distilled water to make a total volume of 100mL was dissolved. 4. Test for Tannins Each Kulitis leaves extract was extracted with hot water and the aqueous extract was then filtered. Upon addition of 5-10 drops of ferric chloride test solution to the filtrate. A dark color and precipitate forms which may either be black, green or blue green. 5. Test for Saponins Each Kulitis leaves extract was dissolved in hot water. The aqueous extract when shaken vigorously. The froth honey comb in nature should perish for at least 30 minutes. 6. Test of Glycosides Each kulitis leaves extract was dissolved in hot water and the filtered. The filtrate was subjected froe glycosides test. 2mL sample was placed in each two test tubes. 1mL of diluted hydrochloric acid was added to test tube 1. Nothing was added to test tube 2. The test tubes were placed in boiling water bath for 5 min. Then the test tubes were cooled. The sample were both neutralized with anhydrous sodium carbonate until no more effervescence is produce. The one mL of Fehling’s B was added to test tube 1. One ml of Fehling’s solution was added to test 2. The tubes were heated in water bath for 2 mins. Observe the brick red precipitate that formed. An increase in the amount of brick red precipitate in the hydrolyzed sample (the sample to which diluted acid was added) as compared to the other sample indicates the presence of the glycosides. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: Folk Medicine of the Nilgiri Hills in Southern India,S. Rajan and M. Sethuraman, ©2008,pp. 99 Unpublished Thesis: Unpublished Thesis Book, Latoja, Unabia,and Dearos,2010 Unpublished Thesis Book, Concon, Pasawilan,and Gunay,2010 Internet: pinoy-entrepreneur. com/2010/08/03/amaranth-or-kulitis-production/